Oilfield Equipment

Oilfield Equipment Explained

The hardware of the oilfield — from the blowout preventer and Christmas tree to pumpjacks, mud pumps and separators — what each piece does and where it sits.

The oilfield runs on specialized equipment: machinery that drills the hole, controls pressure, lifts the oil, and processes what comes up. This guide is an illustrated reference to the key pieces — what they do, how they work, and how they fit into the drilling, completion and production stages.

In this guide

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Frequently asked

A Christmas tree is the assembly of valves, spools and chokes mounted on the wellhead of a producing well. It controls and regulates the flow of oil and gas out of the well, and is named for its branching shape.

A blowout preventer (BOP) is a stack of large, high-pressure valves at the wellhead. During drilling it can seal the well in seconds if formation fluids 'kick' into the wellbore, preventing an uncontrolled blowout.

The wellhead is the structural, pressure-sealing interface where the casing strings terminate at surface. The Christmas tree bolts on top of the wellhead and contains the valves that control production flow.